Also, if you love horror, please check out his book Hex.
Character building
Brief outline: 14 steps
1. Basic character description
2. Background
3. Inciting incident
4. Consequences
5. Dilemmas
6. Greatest desires
7. Themes
8. Messages
9. Traits
10. Elements that lead to change
11. Immediate game changer
12. Character development
13. Outcome
14. Symbolism
1. Basic character description
First of all, you don’t want to be
too detailed here or you can make writing a bit tedious and remove the reader’s
imagination/bog you down when writing. You can always add more later and fix
major points, depending on your writing process.
First, start with a name. Every
character needs a name, and they should know their own name, or at least what
they are called. (Amnesia stories still usually call a character something,
right?)
Next, age. How old is the
character? Is that adulthood? Near adulthood? A child? Depending on society,
the age can be very important, or not at all, but it’s still a good starting
point.
After that, five basic physical
descriptions. Emotional stuff comes later, but this is the stuff that you would
use via a mirror or another character to describe the character. (Please don’t
use a mirror) Remember, these are minor, like hair color, height, clothing,
etc.
Second to last, a major
distinguishing feature. This is the first thing other characters (most of them)
will notice about the character and describe it. Do they have a scar? A face
tattoo? Pink hair in a black and white society? Abnormally tall in Japan? What
is something that really just stands out.
Last (and this doesn’t really have
to be the last thing, depending on your process), a major feature of the
character that no one else (or very few people) know about that the character
doesn’t advertise. Three nipples? Sixteen toes? Carries a locket of a secret
lover/puppy? Give us something that really shows who the character is to
themselves.
Example 1:
-Andy Paterson.
-27 years old.
-Brown hair and eyes, 5’8’’, goatee,
wide shoulders and often wears black and green clothes.
-Always wears a flamboyant hat to
draw attention.
-Has a tattoo of his original
family name (Darwin) across his left breast.
2. Background
This is where we find out about the
character (and a flash of the world) prior to the story starting, and even some
things that might happen/be on page before the inciting incident. Don’t go into
too much detail here, just a few to give you a basic idea.
First, start with a single line
about the setting. Is it real world? Sci-Fi? Medieval? Horror fantasy?
Then, try to answer some of these
questions (3-5 is good, more is okay based on your process):
-Who is the character in life?
-What does the character do?
-What is the character’s family
situation?
-Does the character have any pets
or special items?
-Are there any secret relationships
or family ties, known or unknown to the character?
-Is there a defining incident that
has shaped the character?
-Where does the character spend
most of their time?
-Who is important to the character?
-When does the character do
something important in their life?
-Why does the character value
something? (This one is not so important, but just in case)
-What has the character done that
is important/significant?
-Why is the character important to
those around them?
-What kind of training does the
character have?
-Does the character have any
special skills/magic/tech?
-Are there any particular things
that have caused the character to repeat mistakes?
Example 2:
-Real world with hidden fantasy
elements, starts in Scotland, moves to South America
-YouTube channel where he whispers
to different animals
-Descendant of Charles Darwin, but
his family has long since changed his name
-Has a brother who is also his YouTube
editor and a hedgehog named Milo
3. Inciting incident
This is the big moment that will
change the character’s life and start to move them towards the main plot,
whatever it may be. This is really important (and though it may be edited out,
changed when the scene arrives or be reworked from a different angle, it’s
worth the time to think about it).
What will drag the character out of
their everyday life?
-Did they piss on a grave and get
possessed by a ghost?
-Did someone discover their secret?
-Are they being blackmailed?
-Was there a dead body in the bed
with them when they woke up?
Just spend a few moments to think
about this and think about what kind of event would shake the character. What
kind of event would move them towards the plot, whatever it may be. (I mostly
pants, more of a gardener at least, so I don’t like outlines/knowing the
ending, but this method has been really good for me to look at stories, and
this part in particular helps story doctor it up.)
Everything that happens after this
(well, almost everything) will be based on what the inciting incident is.
Example 3:
-The KGB shows up one day during
filming, kidnaps his brother and gives him the secret diary of Charles Darwin
that shows Dragons exist, and that it breaks the link of evolution.
4. Consequences
This is mostly a reaction to the
inciting incident and how it changes the character’s life. Focusing on the
character’s initial emotions and what has changed about them (inside and out
sometimes) will help you get a picture of what the character is made of.
You don’t want to focus too much on
how they physically react, sticking more to their emotional reactions to the
inciting incident.
How do they feel?
Do they have newfound emotional
issues or have old issues gotten worse?
Have they become attached to
something?
What (if anything) in their belief
system has changed?
Have their family/personal
relationships changed?
Is something more/less important to
them after the inciting incident?
Have they finally accepted/began
denying something?
Do they want to do something they
know they shouldn’t? (or feel like it’s not such a bad thing?)
These questions are just to give
you an idea of what you could ask the character, but I’m sure there are many
more.
Example 4:
-Becomes paranoid
-Emotionally attached to Milo the
hedgehog
-resentful of Charles Darwin
-Believes in destiny now
5. Dilemmas:
This is where you have to think
back to the inciting incident and come up with two problems the character will
have to face before the end of the story. (Again, these are not set in stone,
but they will give you a good idea of where the story could go before you
write/detailed outline and some more tests for the character and how it will
shape them.)
First, come up with a big dilemma.
What is something that the character must face before then end? And not
gumdrops or kittens (unless it’s choke his family with gumdrops or murder all
the kittens in the world). It needs to be a tough option, where neither choice
is really good. (This can go into the ‘Third option’ that I learned from Dave
Farland, but that’s a different discussion).
For the second dilemma, depending
on how long you are thinking the story will be, will determine how related to
your first dilemma the second is. If your story is short, the two dilemmas
should be interconnected. If it’s really long, they should be a world apart (at
least on the outside/first glance).
Review these dilemmas and look back
to the inciting incident as they will be important for shaping who the
character is and what they will become.
Example 5:
-Train the dragons and give them to
Russia or allow the KGB to kill his brother and protect the dragons
-Will he tell the world that his
grandfather was wrong and that dragons exist
6 Greatest desires:
The character’s desires are very
important, but focusing on the ones they want above all others is better for
this part of the process. Though, adding in a minor desire does help round the
character out, so it is important to not completely avoid it.
First, what does the character want
most before the inciting incident? Come up with one or two things here to give
the character initial motivation and make them more proactive at the start. You
might also want to think about something character wants the least/is trying to
avoid from happening. A negative desire is still a goal.
Second, what does the character
want most after the inciting incident? Come up with at least two (no more than
four) things here to add more layers to the character. You really want to dive
into this and show that the plot, while important, isn’t the only driving
factor here for the character. Think about the dilemmas and how they could tie
into the character’s desires.
Finally, what is something small
the character wants before and after the inciting incident? It could be a
chocolate bar because they gave up chocolate and suddenly a super villain blew
up the only store in their area that sold it. Try to stick to only one desire
for before and one desire for after, as to not bog the character’s thought
process down. (In the outline/writing, adding more is not a bad thing, in fact,
it’s really awesome in most cases as small goals and desires help move the
story along, but at this part, you don’t want to overthink it.)
Having the desires in mind at this
point will help shape the character to the end.
Example 6:
-Wants to reach 1million YouTube
subscribers
-Train unknown and great animals
-Train the dragons
-Save his brother
-Get revenge on the KGB
-Have people understand him without
having to speak one word at a time or without subtitles
7. Theme:
Focusing too much on the theme can
ruin the story, but not looking at it all can also have a negative impact on
it. Here, you’re not really coming up with the final theme of the story, or
even the final theme of what the character is doing. You just want to think of
a theme or two (no more than four) that could really show off parts of the
character, world and plot. In the end, this probably won’t survive the first
draft (or detailed outline in some cases), and that’s a good thing. (You don’t
want to take a ham-handed approach here.) But this will drive arguments and
character interactions, so it is important to at least give it a bit of your
time.
Thinking back to the inciting
incident, why did it affect the character? This will give you the biggest
connection to your theme. If you can answer this question with more than one
theme, that’s fine, but you don’t want to have too many as that will make the
character and their interactions seem scatterbrained.
Example 7:
-Family love
-Truth and lies
8. Message:
Like the theme, you don’t want to
harp on this too much, and it often won’t survive the first draft/detailed
outline. But this will give the character a good idea of how the character will
look at their dilemmas and their thought process during
dialogue/action/fun-bits. It will also show a bit of the character arc and
something the character is wrestling with.
Usually this is related to one of
the dilemmas, but it doesn’t have to be. Again, it will wash away with the
later drafts/detailed outlines, and that is a good thing as it will keep it
from being ham-handed.
For this, really think about what
the dilemma (or dilemmas if you chose both of them) means to the character.
What would making either choice mean? That will usually give you your message.
Example 8:
- The truth has consequences
9. Traits:
Traits are things that make the
character special. They don’t have to be personal traits, but most of them will
be. Sometimes, a trait can be an item or something that is special to the
character. Negative traits are also important as they will help shape how the
character reacts to certain situations.
First, let’s look at positive
traits. What are two or three things that make the character stand out in a
good way? You don’t want to give the character too many of these (though more
will come up as the story progresses, and some of the negative traits can be
turned into positive ones throughout the story), so try to stick to three at
this point.
-Does the character have a magical
power/special ability/item? Be detailed here.
-Why is this the character needed
to be in this story?
Next, look at the character’s negative
traits. What are two or three things that make the character a pain/stand out
in a bad way? More is okay here, especially if you want to turn them into a
character arc to correct them or add more conflict with them, but don’t just
add them for no reason. These are as important, if not more important, than the
positive traits, so be as detailed as you can here.
-You may even want to detail how
the trait must be overcome for a happy ending.
Finally, go back over each of the
traits and look at how they relate to the dilemmas, inciting incident and
desires. Try to mold them a bit to have more synergy.
Example 9:
- Animal whisperer (magically)
-A loyal following on YouTube,
getting about 500k views within the first day his videos are up
-A strong memory
-Doesn’t know how computers work
-Super Scottish accent to the point
most Scottish people can’t understand him
-Dislikes smaller animals because
they aren’t worth his time
-Never had a girlfriend
-Likes to hide in booze when things
get tough
10. Elements that lead to change:
This is basically small bumps in
the road that will alter where the character goes and how they may see the
dilemmas differently. These are things that the character will have to
overcome, maybe not move past or defeat, but things that must be dealt with
before the story can progress to the conclusion.
Think about the things in the
characters life:
-What are the other people in the
story doing?
-What is something that jumps out
of nowhere and tries to push the character off course?
-Any romance or other cross-genre
elements?
-Any new/broken attachments?
-Anything surprising that makes the
character thing differently?
These are important to give a bit
of extra thought to since they will help shape how you’ll view the character
arc.
Example 10:
- His Russian liaison and
translator can understand him, and he falls in love with her
-Finds his dream when he sees the
dragons and becomes attached to them at first sight
-Dragons are human whispers, but
his power cancels it out, slowly overriding it
-Followers threatening to
unsubscribe if he doesn’t release a new video soon
11. Immediate game changer:
This is something that changes
everything for the character. If the dilemma seemed like an easy choice (even
if awful) at first, this is something that makes it a much tougher decision.
This is also something that throws everything the character knew, thought they
knew or believed into the blender. This is also a hard stop for some of the
character’s desires, and makes them question things.
Think of this as the brick wall
that can’t be climbed over, and once the character got too close to it, the
path behind them fell away. This is a major thing that will make them look at
the world and themselves differently (in most cases), and it will (should)
change how they look at the other characters, conflict and resolution.
-What will shake the character’s
world?
Coming up with more than one of
these is okay, but be careful not to overdo it, and the more there are, the
longer the story will be.
Also, this doesn’t always make it
to the first draft/detailed outline, (and often it is changed unless you are
using this exercise like a story doctor) but it will give the character a
second major moment (after the inciting incident) for change, and that is
important for moving towards the end.
Example 11:
- The dragons whispered to Charles
Darwin to make him keep them out of his studies, and they gave him the ideas
for his Theory of Evolution
-Dragons manipulate evolution
12. Character development:
From the background to the inciting
incident, to immediate game changer, the character will change. Their thoughts
and ideas will change. Their plans and goals will change. Even some of their
desires and relationships will change. For this section, you need to figure out
how the character will be influenced by all this and come out after the
immediate game changer?
-Will they be broken and ready to
give up?
-Was that the hardening they needed
to move forward?
-Does everything make sense?
Try to come up with at least one
development to their plan and one emotional/relationship development for the
character to go through, but try not to do more than four developments here.
(More will come in the drafts and/or outlines, so it’s not all that important
to harp on it here.)
Example 12:
- This revelation makes him want to
train the dragons to take down Russia and save his brother
-Finds peace with Charles Darwin,
moving from resentment to understanding
-Sees a blend between destiny and
science
-So excited, starts dating his
liaison and they have the fun-bits
13. Outcome:
This is where everything comes
together. How will the character choose during the dilemmas? What will they use
to reach the ‘happy’ third option where they make their own rules/choice?
A key here is to go back through
this exercise and look for anything you hadn’t used/brought up after
introducing it, and have it be a part of the conclusion/climax. This is another
reason, while you may add more details in later on, you didn’t want to add too
many here, as these are only the keys.
Often, this will not survive
drafts/outlines, but it’s a good starting point for looking at the character.
Example 13:
- Once he gets the dragons trained
for war, his liaison betrays him, taking the dragons with her back to the KGB.
He stops himself from drowning himself in booze and hanks Milo for comforting
him.
He
overcomes his disdain for smaller creatures and tells Milo he loves him and is
sorry for not being able to save his brother. Milo transforms into a dragon,
revealing that he’d been with the family since Charles Darwin, watching over
them. But one dragon against hundreds isn’t enough, but this is when he,
poorly, goes to his YouTube channel and calls out to his followers, bringing
them down to South America.
Milo
transforms them into dragons (without the power to control evolution, but more
the standard war type), and they fly on Russia, rescuing his brother and the
dragons at the cost of Milo’s and the liaison’s lives. Despite her betrayal, he
feels hurt by her loss and by the loss of Milo.
In
the end, the dragons return everyone to normal and transform themselves before
(possibly) removing their ability to manipulate evolution. But his video
calling out his followers exploded, pushing him over 10 million subscribers and
the video going everywhere. The science community is devastated, and the world
is not looking towards brighter days after the attack on Russia and this
information.
14. Symbolism:
This is important to help tie your
story down in reality. Think of things in our world that you can attach to your
world to help create a hook for the reader that will help them suspend their
disbelief. This doesn’t have to be anything major, just small things that will
anchor your story.
-Answer the question: How will you
add reality to this story?
Often, these will stick to the
story, though they may not be apparent after several drafts/outlines, but they
will be there to solidify your world and character.
Example 14:
- Truth hurts
-Accepting heritage and family
-Bonds of family will drive someone
to do something awful
That is the basics of the character
building exercise. It’s a good way to look at a new story, doctor an old story
or go through a story you’re in the middle of to help shore things up.
I hope this helps and my explanations
make sense.
Here are all the examples typed
into one place to give you an idea of what it all looks like together. This was
the group brainstormed character at WXR17, and I’m looking to write it soon,
but if you feel the itch, go ahead and try it out.
1. Andy Paterson.
-27 years old.
-Brown hair and eyes, 5’8’’, goatee,
wide shoulders and often wears black and green clothes.
-Always wears a flamboyant hat to
draw attention.
-Has a tattoo of his original
family name (Darwin) across his left breast.
2. Real world with hidden fantasy elements, starts in Scotland,
moves to South America
-YouTube channel where he whispers
to different animals
-Descendant of Charles Darwin, but
his family has long since changed his name
-Has a brother who is also his
YouTube editor and a hedgehog named Milo
3. The KGB shows up one day during filming, kidnaps his brother and
gives him the secret diary of Charles Darwin that shows Dragons exist, and that
it breaks the link of evolution.
4. Becomes paranoid
-Emotionally attached to Milo the
hedgehog
-resentful of Charles Darwin
-Believes in destiny now
5. Train the dragons and give them to Russia or allow the KGB to
kill his brother and protect the dragons
-Will he tell the world that his
grandfather was wrong and that dragons exist
6. Wants to reach 1million YouTube subscribers
-Train unknown and great animals
-Train the dragons
-Save his brother
-Get revenge on the KGB
-Have people understand him without
having to speak one word at a time or without subtitles
7. Family love
-Truth and lies
8. The truth has consequences
9. Animal whisperer (magically)
-A loyal following on YouTube,
getting about 500k views within the first day his videos are up
-A strong memory
-Doesn’t know how computers work
-Super Scottish accent to the point
most Scottish people can’t understand him
-Dislikes smaller animals because
they aren’t worth his time
-Never had a girlfriend
-Likes to hide in booze when things
get tough
10. His Russian liaison and translator can understand him, and he
falls in love with her
-Finds his dream when he sees the
dragons and becomes attached to them at first sight
-Dragons are human whispers, but
his power cancels it out, slowly overriding it
-Followers threatening to
unsubscribe if he doesn’t release a new video soon
11. The dragons whispered to Charles Darwin to make him keep them
out of his studies, and they gave him the ideas for his Theory of Evolution
-Dragons manipulate evolution
12. This revelation makes him want to train the dragons to take
down Russia and save his brother
-Finds peace with Charles Darwin,
moving from resentment to understanding
-Sees a blend between destiny and
science
-So excited, starts dating his
liaison and they have the fun-bits
13. Once he gets the dragons trained for war, his liaison betrays
him, taking the dragons with her back to the KGB. He stops himself from drowning
himself in booze and hanks Milo for comforting him.
He
overcomes his disdain for smaller creatures and tells Milo he loves him and is
sorry for not being able to save his brother. Milo transforms into a dragon,
revealing that he’d been with the family since Charles Darwin, watching over
them. But one dragon against hundreds isn’t enough, but this is when he,
poorly, goes to his YouTube channel and calls out to his followers, bringing
them down to South America.
Milo
transforms them into dragons (without the power to control evolution, but more
the standard war type), and they fly on Russia, rescuing his brother and the
dragons at the cost of Milo’s and the liaison’s lives. Despite her betrayal, he
feels hurt by her loss and by the loss of Milo.
In
the end, the dragons return everyone to normal and transform themselves before
(possibly) removing their ability to manipulate evolution. But his video
calling out his followers exploded, pushing him over 10 million subscribers and
the video going everywhere. The science community is devastated, and the world
is not looking towards brighter days after the attack on Russia and this
information.
14. Truth hurts
-Accepting heritage and family
-Bonds of family will drive someone
to do something awful
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